The male dog’s reproductive tract includes two testicles, housed within the scrotum, and the prostate gland, which lies just behind the urinary bladder. Dogs that will not be used for breeding should be castrated (surgical removal of the hormone producing testicles) around 6 months of age to prevent pet overpopulation and avoid unwanted behaviors (e.g.: inter-dog aggression, roaming to find a mate). Castration greatly decreases the chances of your dog developing prostatic enlargement and infections; it eliminates testicular disease. During the neutering procedure, a small incision is made near the scrotum to allow removal of both testicles. Your recovering dog needs to be rested-no running or jumping. Overactivity can lead to complications such as bleeding and infection. Rest assured that neutering your dog will not change their loving personality; it will make them less prone to illness.